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Javier LEAL MONEDERO1; Santiago ZUBICOA EZPELETA1; Neil M. KHILNAN2 1 Ruber Internacional Hospital, Angiology and Vascular Surgery Unit, Madrid, Spain 2 Division of Interventional Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA Abstract Pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) and its main symptom, chronic pelvic pain, are caused by an increase in pressure, number, and caliber of intrapelvic venous structures. These structures are veins with a varicose morphology (ie, tortuous and ectatic with a very retarded flow) that are typically caused by inverted flow in the valveless and enlarged gonadal axis and, in some cases, the branches

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