The top-down vs bottom-up control in an ecosystem – Eco-intelligent™

Ecosystems exert control across trophic levels through the top-down approach—where predators control the ecosystem through population checks—and through the bottom-up approach, where resources control the growth of the population.

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Bottom-up and top-down effects on phytoplankton communities in two

Bottom up and Top Down Controls

Bottom up and Top Down Controls

The top-down vs bottom-up control in an ecosystem – Eco-intelligent™